I-lithium, enenombolo ye-athomu yesi-3 kunye nobunzima be-atom 6.941, yeyona nto ikhaphukhaphu yentsimbi yealkali. Ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nombane, izazinzulu ziye zaqulunqa izinto ezifana negraphite kunye ne-lithium cobalt oxide ukugcina iiathom ze-lithium. Isakhiwo se-molecular yezi zixhobo zenza iileyile zokugcina i-nanoscale ezinokugcina ii-athomu ze-lithium. Ngale ndlela, nangona i-casing yebhetri ikhefu kwaye i-oksijini ingena, iimolekyuli ze-oksijini zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingene kwezi zixhobo ezincinci zokugcina, zikhusela ii-athomu ze-lithium ukuba ziqhagamshelane ne-oksijini kwaye ngaloo ndlela zigweme ukuqhuma.
Emva kokufumana ii-electron, ezi ion ze-lithium zikhazimlisa kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ezithi, njengokutshaja ngokugqithiseleyo, zibeka ingozi. Ukuba isingxobo sebhetri siyaphuka, kuya kubakho ugqabhuko-dubulo. Ngoko ke, ukukhuselwa kweebhetri ze-lithium - ze-ion kufuneka zibandakanye ubuncinane izinto ezintathu: umda ophezulu wokutshaja i-voltage, umda ophantsi wokukhupha i-voltage, kunye nomda ophezulu wangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphezu kweeseli zebhetri ze-lithium, kukho ibhodi yokukhusela kwi-lithium ibhetri yepakethe, eyona nto ibonelela ngezi zikhuselo ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithathu zokukhusela kwibhodi yokukhusela ngokucacileyo azanelanga, kwaye ukuqhuma kwebhetri ye-lithium kuqhubeka rhoqo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zebhetri, uhlalutyo olunzulu ngakumbi lwezizathu zokuqhuma kwebhetri luyimfuneko.
